“Shim’s edited volume is a major contribution to the study of representation thanks to its geographical reach, historical focus and qualitative nuance. It powerfully illustrates the complexity of substantive representation in various world regions, and it compels us to consider its importance for democratic legitimacy.”— Diego Fossati, City University of Hong Kong

"This book...is an important foundation for a challenging and important field of study. Summing up: Highly recommended. Graduate students and faculty only."— E. V. Schneier, Choice

“This volume, studying mass–elite congruence, provides much needed nuance thanks to a sensitive engagement of the interaction between elite agency, structure of political competition, as well as their interacting historical development. Extending beyond established democracies, the volume provides not only novel empirical detail, but theoretical innovation concerning the content, structure, and timing of the mass–elite gap.”— Jan Rovny, Center for European Studies and Comparative Politics, Sciences Po

“In this carefully edited volume, Jaemin Shim and his collaborators break new ground in the study of mass–elite representation gap—both in theoretical and empirical terms. The global approach they take works well in combination with the context-sensitivity of the individual case studies.”— Patrick Köllner, German Institute for Global and Area Studies

“Amidst rising citizen discontent with established parties and institutions, the topic of elite–mass differences is more timely than ever. The editor’s useful conceptual framework and in-depth case studies on political elites by country experts make this volume a valuable addition for all students of comparative politics.”— Willy Jou, Waseda University